Let's say that you get the bright idea to begin publishing some sort of newsletter or other periodical. If you plan to mail them out, bring plenty of money to your startup.
Oh, sure, the Postal Service has a thing called a periodical rate. They offer it because, ages ago, Congress thought it was a good idea to encourage the cheap dissemination of news and information (and advertising). Doesn't mean the USPS likes it and they'll make it hard for you to do.
First, you have to start publishing and yes, that means you're mailing out your first few issues at first-class mail rates. Then you can take your circulation figures and proof to the Bulk Mail Unit servicing your area and apply for a periodical permit. Where you pretty much will have to engage in a sit-in if you want the application processed.
But first, the USPS will issue you a bulk-mail permit, not a periodical permit. Which costs more to mail. And which you have to establish an account and pay into, in advance, to mail your stuff. This is all while the USPS processes your periodical permit. Which takes six months, at a minimum. Usually longer.
The silver lining is that if you hang on long enough to get the periodical permit issued, then the USPS applies that retroactively, back to when you first started mailing out at the bulk rate.
But if your publication fails before then, you've paid to mail them at the bulk rate and it sucks to be you.
The six+ month delay to get a periodical permit, as you might have surmised, has nothing to do with bureaucracy. The Post Office has figured out that most new periodicals don't succeed and that they fail within (no prizes for guessing) six months.
The USPS hates the periodical rates. They make money on bulk mail, but little, if any, on periodicals. So they game the system to take the maximum profit from struggling startups and, I'll wager, they've sunk more than their share in doing that.
One might presume that the Post Office is run by people who once worked for Goldman Sachs. Or Donald Trump.