On this day in 1860, the first Pony Express rider left St. Joseph, MO with a mail pouch. The mail reached San Francisco on April 14th.
After all of the celebratory folderol and speechifying was finished, the westbound rider departed at 7:15PM. There's no real way to tell when that was, now, as each town kept their own time back then (based on local solar noon), as that was 23 years before Standard Time (also known as Railroad Time) was introduced. Many places refused to adopt standard time, preferring to set their time by the Sun than by some bureaucratic decree. Standard Time became the law during the Great War.
But I digress.
The Pony Express route was 1,900 miles long, broken up into divisions, stages and stations. A rider would change his horse at each station. Another rider would take over at each stage. In an era where a working man may be paid between $12 and $30 a month, the riders were paid $100. the first westbound trip took 11 days, the first eastbound trip took ten days.
It would seem that there was combined telegraph-Pony Express service, as vital news and information went by telegraph to the western end of the line and then by Pony Express to the eastern end of the western telegraph line. News of Abraham Lincoln's election made it to California in less than eight days, which was unheard of at the time.
The Pony Express was doomed as soon as the transcontinental telegraph was completed. It went out of business two days after the telegraph line was completed in 1861.
By the 1880s, if not sooner, the wealthy (it cost north of $100 one way) could ride express passenger trains in relative comfort from New York to Oakland in five days or less. (A special express train made that trip in less than four days.) By the 1900s, regular passenger rail service could take one from New York to San Francisco in just over three days.
In 1929, the trip could be made on Transcontinental Air Transport in 48 hours or so hours for $336. That involved riding a train at night and flying in a Ford Tri-Motor during the day. TAT became TWA, which introduced the DC-2 and DC-3; which made the trip all in the air and in about 18 hours.
In 75 years, the time it took to send an express letter from NYC to San Francisco went from about two weeks to overnight. The cost of sending a letter went from $5 for a half-ounce letter to five cents for airmail.
Domestic airmail is now a thing of the past.